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Chapter Eleven: The Family through Time 1.Tthe process of learning to follow rules, whatever the rules happen
to be, is the same in different societies. 2. Of all social relations among people, the ties between parents and
their children tend to be the most enduring and dependable. 3. Societies have evolved from an earlier form of family organization
to what we know today. 4. Claude Levi-Strauss writes that the family has a dual nature. On
the one hand, family relations are based on ______ , and at the same time
family life ______. 5. Today's emphasis on personal freedom in private relations was the
prevalent view before the American Revolution, also. 6. Whereas families had often been ______ in earlier times, by the nineteenth
century many families were increasingly becoming ______ in an economy
that was undergoing significant changes. 7. After the time of the American Revolution, increasingly, the father's
______ and mothers were ______. 8. _____ the child came to be placed at the center of the middle-class
family, and children's rights became a focus of increasing attention.
9. There have been a variety of family forms through history. 10. Extended families include additional relatives beyond a single conjugal
family. 11. The concept "nuclear family" may include situations in
which grandparents live in the family with 12. Humanity has not invented any new forms of family relations since
historical record keeping began. 13. In this kind of system, a woman is married to several men. 14. In societies that practice ______, wealth and status are passed down
from father to son. 15. In comparison with other types of societies, societies with ______
descent tend to attach much less importance to marriage bonds. 16. During the 1920s in the USSR, the divorce rate ______. 17. Soviet citizens saw state a sponsored effort to radically "engineer"
the family before World War Two. 18. The Chinese communists undertook, as a general national strategy,
to eliminate traditional forms of marriage. 19. There is no single family type that represents the Arab world at
the dawn of the twenty-first century. 20. Polygamy is not permitted in any Arab country. 21. This is a social system in which fathers within families have dominating
authority. 22. According to these marriage rules, people are expected to marry within
a particular group. 23. In the Arab world, family relations typically remain just as they
were a hundred years ago, even in urban areas. 24. A kibbutz is ______. 25. One of the most successful aspects of kibbutz life has been the success
of communal child rearing. 26. Today the wife is in the paid labor force in about ___ percent of
families in which there is a husband and a wife. 27. Most married individuals in the United States report that they are
happy in their marriage relationships. 28. The U.S. has more one-parent households than other affluent Western
countries. 29. In 1994, ___ percent of all births in the United States were to unmarried
women. 30. Attitudes about the morality of having children outside marriage
diverge a great deal from one country to another. 31. According to Gallup poll results, in which of these countries do
the largest percentage of people surveyed believe that having a baby outside
marriage is morally wrong? 32. In the most affluent Western countries generally, a majority of people
believe marriage to be an outdated institution. 33. "In my many years as a sociologist," David Popenoe states, "I have
found few other bodies of evidence that lean so much in one direction
as this one: on the whole, ______. 34. There is strong evidence that harmony between marriage partners was
probably rare in earlier eras. 35. 8. It has been stated "that in the early modern period there
was no awareness of childhood as a separate state from adulthood and that
harsh, even systematically abusive, treatment of children was normal."
It is suggested in the textbook that this characterization is accurate. 36. The divorce rate in the U.S. is ______. 37. Nearly half of all states in the U.S. do not permit any form of no-fault
divorce. 38. Divorce rates in the U.S. have dropped since the 1980s. |